Review Article ROLE OF INDOLAMINE-2,3-DIOXYGENASE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CANCER AND HEPATITIS
Keywords:
Indolamine, Dioxygenase, Tryptophan, Immune systemAbstract
The gene responsible for Indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in humans is being located at chromosome 8, it controls the tryptophan breakdown via kynurenine pathway. IDO is being actively expressed in epithelial cells, monocytes, tumor cells, macrophages and the vascular endothelium. This enzyme exclusively converts L-tryptophan to L-kynurenine. Normally, it is produced in lower concentration. But over expression of IDO suppress the immune system of body by reducing the metabolic fuel, tryptophan, required for immune activity. The function of immune system can be suppressed by upsurge of T regulatory cells and decline in effector T cell activity. That is why it is known to be an important enzyme in immune system, in cancer development, in viral and bacterial infection. Various studies have documented high levels of IDO expression in diverse types of cancers, bacterial infections, and viral infections. Nevertheless, the increased synthesis of IDO induces a tolerogenic effect, aiding the affected cells in evading immune responses. Consequently, IDO possesses potential as an exceptional therapeutic agent for combating cancer and eliminating virus-infected cells.
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